What’s the worst that could happen, Dad, if you go ahead and let your family fall apart?

The father of the under-fathered West, Karl Marx.Photo by: gravitat-OFF

One way of comprehending Marxism: The global reification of patricide.

Karl Marx’ father was a primo provider, but – “Daddy! Daddy wasn’t there!” – he was scornful and demanding, simultaneously dismissive and reproving of his, to him, disappointing son.

Just that much is Oedipus Rex Meets Mister Stick-it-Out – emotionally-needy baby is rebuffed by emotionally-witholding adult-baby. How common is that yarn? Ask any second-born son of a still-married-to-mom dad.

But what makes that story familiar to us is Marx himself. He was the first poor-little-rich-kid screw-up, casting the mold for his every ensuing scruffy, shuffling clone.

But the screw-up for whom Marx is the prototype is also the best vector of the virus of Marxism: Every smarmy loser who throws the stink-eye at his father is indulging the Marxian patricidal fantasy. Every angry-young-man is angry with his father first and worst.

The most bookish of these wannabe patricides become academic and activist Marxists, deploying the advantages that accrued to them by virtue of their intact-if-not-joyous families to destroy the family for every child.

For it is in this way that Marxism is most patricidal: The Marxist solution to everything is simply to do the opposite of what any self-responsible father would do. Accordingly, self-responsible fathers are the first and best defense against Marxism (and every form of criminal domination and subjugation) in a family. Hence fatherhood must be destroyed.

Father's DayMore Married. More Husband. More Father. More Man.Available at Amazon.com

Father’s DayMore Married. More Husband. More Father. More Man.Available at Amazon.com

Marxists reproduce by taking over whole families, all at once, by obviating or eliminating the father – patricide de jure that works as well, for recruiting life-long converts, as patricide de facto. Better, really, since nothing scares up new cadres of very-angry-young-men like being robbed of a father.

If you’re looking for a good reason to buy my book, I can name that tune in two words: Barack Obama.

Not good enough? Here are two more: Karl Marx.

If one tough-as-nails German had done a better job with his kid, tens of millions of murders of innocents could have been avoided and the suffering of (more…)

Posted in Splendor! | 2 Comments

EF or FF? Man versus nematode – and ‘science’ versus humanity.

“Hey, Baby. You wanna come up and see my etchings?”

“Hey, Baby. You wanna come up and see my etchings?”

The male brain is ‘programmed’ to prefer sex over food? No.

‘Science’ is at war with humanity? Oh, yes.

Exposing the Dancing Bear Fallacy with a classic dirty joke:

Posted in Splendor! | Leave a comment

Marxist ants, enslaved protozoa and the final triumph of feminism – the spree killer.

Good news! Dinoflagellates have the right to live without being enslaved and slaughtered – and so does your child.

Good news! Dinoflagellates have the right to live without being enslaved and slaughtered – and so does your child.

I wrote the complete algorithm* of moral philosophy over the weekend. That’s the good news. I have lots of bad news, including the terminal futility of Marxism even among ants.

Here’s some bad news with a good moral lesson: By enslaving harmless protozoa, morally-bankrupt pretend-capitalists illuminate (!) the moral bankruptcy of the Objectivist/Marxist argument for abortion: If usurping the life of a single-celled organism is self-destructive, the morality of deliberately murdering one’s own child cannot be a colorable matter for debate.

That is to say: Even stipulating the vile misidentification of an intrauterine Homo sapiens as “a clump of cells,” infanticide by abortion is nevertheless always morally reprehensible.

This week’s Church of Splendor homily explicates that algorithm of moral philosophy, but before we get to that, we take up one item of devastatingly worse news:

What if spree killings are the to-be-expected outcome of feminism? What if robbing our sons of their fathers while depriving them of every opportunity to learn how to come to be fathers themselves turns some (many?) of them into ticking time bombs?

This would seem to be an excellent time to learn how to understand all of human morality in a glance…

I bring you a church like no one ever has before, a church for making you and everyone you love and ultimately the whole world better. You should be doing everything you can think of to spread the good word far and wide. Here’s a way to start: Contribute your money to help me grow this thing. I want your family fed first, so don’t send anything you can’t spare; contribute new recruits instead. But these are the magic beans, Bunkie. It’s wrong of you to hoard them to yourself.

Marxist ants, enslaved protozoa, dictators, wars and rumors of wars – and under-fathered, over-medicated, involuntarily-celibate, universally-rejected young men – all counter-balanced by an algorithm by which any human being can attain the most and the best of his own Splendor. There ain’t never been a church like this:

*C hacks (more…)

Posted in Splendor! | 1 Comment

In its ugly #abortion evasion, what else are @YaronBrook and the #AynRand Institute neglecting?

“What, me worry?”

“What, me worry?”

After almost three months of exposure of the gruesome nature of the intrauterine infanticide championed by novelist Ayn Rand, Yaron Brook of the Ayn Rand Institute has to-date had this to say: “La, la, la, la, la!”

That’s right. The lady who wrote the book on evasion is now represented by a cadre of evaders worthy of Wesley Mouch himself. Her “philosophy for living on earth” is great for everything – except for, you know, navigating existential reality. Rand’s minions can’t uphold her ridiculous arguments and yet they can’t renounce them either.

That’s sad, but, brother, did they ever ask for it!

Here’s what’s sadder: By affecting to have pretended to have made believe that they are somehow indifferent to the exposure of Objectivism as not just a party to but a key proponent in the wholesale slaughter of innocents – the kind of slaughter Rand railed against in every other respectYaron Brook and the Ayn Rand Institute are dropping the ball all over the place.

Witness:

The first two problems (and every other social conflict) are caused by the third, so it’s easy to see why Yaron Brook would want to evade the further consequences of the horrible advice on love, sex, marriage and family Ayn Rand gave to her slavish followers.

But it remains that the world is going up in flames and Yaron Brook has his fingers in his ears – which is not an easy posture to sustain, considering where he parks his head.

Nice going, Objectivists. You won’t have to wait for (more…)

Posted in Splendor! | 2 Comments

Greg Swann speaks: An extended interview with me in Orlando from August of 2013.

Orlando, where you can almost always find a footing.

Orlando, where you can almost always find a footing.

In August of 2013, Anthony Johnson of The 21 Convention brought me to Orlando to do a video interview. I stayed for a month, for my own purposes, but the flights were on #T21C, and I am endlessly, boundlessly grateful for every bit of this: For the trip, for the interview, for the people I met and the things I saw, did and learned.

The ideas about art – the notions I have come to refer to as benedy and maledy – were spawned on that trip. Uncle Willie went to Las Vegas in July and lost his gamble, then to Orlando in August, where he shed himself of satire. I got my favorite guitar – Cherry Bomb – then, too. I had it shipped Amazon Prime to my hotel, so I first saw the third of my three princesses in Orlando.

“Hello, World! I’m your wild girl! Ch-Ch-Ch-Cherry Bomb!”

“Hello, World! I’m your wild girl!Ch-Ch-Ch-Cherry Bomb!”

The Big-O is a busker town, so me and her saw a lot of sun, as you will note in the video. I am Phoenix brown year around, but Orlando got the best of me. I have never sweat or peed so much in my life, nor have I ever seen so much water on what is reputed to be dry land.

The interview was shot at Socrates’ house, which he himself designed, built and decorated. The space is breathtaking, but you see too little of it, alas. Even so, it was the prefect setting for this discussion.

Socrates himself, in the space he designed as his own private perfection.

Socrates himself, in the space he designed as his own private perfection. The photo is from a small get-together in his home, and I got to meet his wonderful wife-to-be, Mary-Frances, that night.

And ain’t I the proud one? Indeed I am. This is well done all the way around, with the visual style establishing the terms of debate. I was questioned by Anthony Johnson, Socrates and Marilee Johnson, but what you see are my answers, with the questions summarized on intro cards.

We cover a lot, a lot, a lot (more…)

Posted in Splendor! | 4 Comments

Why the quantum leapers didn’t leap…

“Let’s go over to the bridge. You four jump off. If you don’t all die, you’ll have made Physics history. You’ll have proved the injustice of chaos. Just think what a victory that’ll be over order.”Photo by: Ray

A Ramblin’ Gamblin’ Willie story

Queens, New York. April 9, 1985.

“Merlin Be Praised!” Nerf toasted. The four men hoisted their glasses high, then downed the drinks in one gulp.

I just sort of wander into these things, I don’t know why. I guess Merlin would call that a paradox. I won’t tell you what I’d call Merlin.

I met the Quantum Leapers in one of the cocktail lounges at La Guardia Airport. I was early for a flight that had been indefinitely delayed, and I find that time seems to pass faster (another paradox!) when I don’t spend it scowling at a clock.

“Waitress!” Steverino called. “Another round.” He sniffled. Steverino looked like his nickname: Mr. Hollywood, or maybe Mr. Miami. He spoke incredibly fast, and while speaking, he glanced all around the small lounge. “Merlin, get her to tell me where the Men’s Room is.” He snuffled.

“Don’t worry, ’Rino,” Merlin replied, almost motheringly. “We’ll find a Men’s Room for you.” Merlin was shaped like something made of plastic trash bags, all random bulges and drooping sags of flab. He had a sparse beard, and his thinning hair looked oily. His clothes would have welcomed the miracle of surfaction, I’m sure; that’s laundering, for the benefit of those uninitiated in the higher mysteries. He winked at the one called Arsob. “Arsob, you’ll help Stevo find a john, won’t you?”

“Sure thing, Steve,” said the one called Arsob. He brushed at the lapel of his double-breasted jacket. He was very well appointed, though his glasses made him look slightly insectile. His smile was one of tolerant amusment. “After all, if a friend in need isn’t one indeed, I don’t know what is.”

“That’s right,” said Merlin. “You don’t know what is, if anything.”

Nerf said: “Merlin knows everything!” Although all four were physicists in their late twenties, Nerf was the only one to look the part. He wore (more…)

Posted in Poetry and fiction, Willie stories | 2 Comments

We can #StopGunViolence by teaching young men appropriate authority. Ask Anthony Johnson to help.

Me, me, me at #T21C.

Me, me, me at #T21C.

Another month, another mass shooting. Are guns the problem? You bet. Guns in the hands of under-fathered, over-medicated, involuntarily-celibate, universally-rejected young men. Take away the guns (in your dreams) and these boys will kill with knives or cars or bombs – or car-bombs. If there is only one way for them to get your attention…

The moral philosophy explored here will fix all of this – in time. But right now, when everyone wants to do something to #StopGunViolence, here’s something you can do:

Entreat Anthony Johnson to release the remaining two videos he has of me speaking.

That sounds both vain and self-serving, but it’s neither. I don’t know if my vanity comes in at none or total, but, either way, it has nothing to do with you. But I know what you don’t, so the loss here is yours, not mine.

Why am I so arrogant as to insist that it’s a loss? Because I’m talking in both videos about ideas that will serve to cultivate appropriate authority – leadership. All young American men, not just the ones dying to be on the TV news, are missing out on the mastery of leadership skills they could have and should have learned from their fathers – had they been lucky enough to have full-time, vigilant, self-responsible fathers.

Our young men are over-medicated, involuntarily-celibate and universally-rejected because they are under-fathered – and, correspondingly, over-mothered. We can’t give them back their dads, but we can help them learn the lessons their fathers should have taught them.

Oh, yes, they’re not all like that. Or, at least, they’re not all all-the-way like that. But play the song “Creep” in a room full of boys and watch the nodding heads. Radiohead produced an anthem for the victims of divorce culture.

And guys a lot like that are the young men I got to talk to, thanks to Anthony Johnson of The 21 Convention. I spoke at his events in Austin in 2012 and in Tampa in 2014, and I did an interview with Anthony and Socrates from ManningUpSmart.com in Orlando in 2013. Just (more…)

Posted in Splendor! | 1 Comment

When do I give up on my marriage? And how do I know if I should?

When should you give up on your marriage?How about never?Photo by: Clyde Robinson

There is no theology in an atheist church, but still I would love to give my catechisms a big, fancy theological name, something like Iconoclasticism.

Consider:

I run an atheist, egoist, anarchist church devoted to the lifelong adoration of one’s own life.

I champion complete chastity before marriage and exclusive fidelity thereafter – all in pursuit of the very best love any human being can make: Storgic love, the enduring love of families.

I insist that the essential component in every succeeding family is the father, that it is his steady hand that cultivates self-responsible adulthood in his children, that his absence is the source of every social chaos, and that Western Civilization will only be redeemed when fatherhood is reestablished in its inescapable preeminent leadership role in the family.

There’s more, tons of it. I am an iconoclast on everything – not for the sake of self-induced iconoclasms, but simply because everything I see is upside down. Indeed, I believe I can summarize my entire life in seven simple words:

If I’m not crazy, everyone else is.

Another man might rebel against those possibilities, but I figure I win either way: I don’t hate being wrong. Discovering and correcting my own errors is how I learn best. But I do hate being dependent on other people – and I think all-but-all-of-them are ass-backwards in their thinking anyway.

All of which makes me immensely popular – with no one. I know how to be happy all the time, and no one else does. I know how to make make marriage an endless ecstasy, and no one else does. I know how to fix everything, and – obviously – no one else does. In a non-ass-backwards world, my particular brand of magic beans would be doing a land-office business. But this is not so in our current environs.

So: Let’s stretch out even more iconoclasticity by taking away yet another scared dogma of modernity, the idea of divorce as a value.

David Brodie asked a couple of questions about the idea of “working at” your marriage: (more…)

Posted in Splendor! | 1 Comment

What’s the BEST thing Steve Jobs made? That would be you. So think different. Do better. And thrive.

[Today is the anniversary of the death of Steve Jobs. This is me writing in 2011, when he annouced his retirement from Apple. –GSS]

Steve Jobs announced his resignation today as CEO of Apple, Inc. From that one little tidbit of information, we can foresee a long, slow roll-out of “news” content.

Tonight and tomorrow we’ll see the newsy stuff — Jobs’ biography, his history with Apple, his successor, the product pipeline and the financial portents of the whole interconnected circus.

Tomorrow and later we’ll have reaction pieces, starting with phony tributes and leading to phony trashings.

The real ugliness will await the magazines — paper, video and virtual: Steve Jobs was a brutal boss. Steve Jobs was a techno-pirate. Steve Jobs was unfair to mediocrities!

Everything you read or hear about the man in the coming weeks will be defensibly true in some kind of you-could-look-it-up fashion. And every bit of it will mean nothing, the endless, senseless mastication of trivial details with not a shred of meaning to be found in the mash.

So let’s cut to the chase: Here is what actually matters about the working life of Steve Jobs:

With one incredible product after the next, with one brilliant strategic move after the next, with one astounding financial milestone after the next, the most wonderful thing Steve Jobs made in his working life was:

You.

Don’t believe me? Let’s look at the record.

Start with an obvious proposition: Steve Jobs has made you amazingly richer. You don’t have to own Apple stock — but bully for you if you do. But Apple’s products — computers, music-players, phones and software — have enriched your life in hundreds of ways.

Better, faster, cheaper, always — always the very best of capitalist efficiency. But almost always categorically better. The products that Steve Jobs brought to market redefined those markets.

So you owe Jobs not just for your Macintosh, but for all of modern desktop, laptop and notebook computing. Every high-end phone was designed, essentially, by Apple, as are all of the ephemeral tablet computers.

Before Steve Jobs pioneers a new product line, the competition is superficially different and uniformly lame. Afterward, everything looks (more…)

Posted in Splendor! | 2 Comments

Attn. Yaron Brook: Your shameful silence on abortion spotlights the Ayn Rand Institute’s intellectual bankruptcy.

Objectivism has always been at war with the obvious, uncontested facts of human gestation. That war is now all the way lost. You’re not clipping your toenails, you are murdering your own child. Who knew?Photo by: Morten Liebach

As I write this, thirty-seven seventy-eight days have passed since the first of the Planned Parenthood infanticide videos was posted. In that time, I’ve written more than a dozen posts on the fallout. How many essays, do you suppose, has the Ayn Rand Institute posted?

The think tank built to champion the views of strident abortion proponent Ayn Rand has offered up precisely zero observations on the videos.

I find it easy to fault them for this: A casual disregard for the lives of other people is the soul and substance of ‘asking another man to live for my sake,’ number two on John Galt’s short-list of cardinal sins. But at the same time, I do understand their paralysis – plausibly better than they do.

First, Ayn Rand’s anti-objective “piece of protoplasm” claim has now completely fallen apart. Objectivism has always been at war with the obvious, uncontested facts of human gestation. That war is now all the way lost. You’re not clipping your toenails, you are murdering your own child. Who knew?

Second, and much worse, Ayn Rand’s defense of abortion is rank utilitarianism, a puerile hit-’n’-run rationalization for evil. It’s hard to blame the ARIvians for being unable to defend this atrocious rhapsodization of atrocity.

Third, and still worse, by championing infanticide, Ayn Rand made war on the putative egoism she sought to promote. People who uphold abortion lead miserable lives in the end, but the attendant abortion culture retards all human flourishing. There is nothing more “anti-man, anti-mind, anti-life” than slaughtering innocents for convenience.

There’s more. Ayn Rand was a Cautious Tyrant by the end of her life, and the Ayn Rand Institute is built in her image and likeness. It cannot do anything even remotely like admitting error, even though its ignominious silence is itself a resounding confession of intellectual bankruptcy.

Oh, they don’t know they’re being called out? Wanna bet?

There is really (more…)

Posted in Splendor! | 5 Comments

The Benedy Benediction: Deploying fiction to set children on a better course – for life.

Here’s a radical notion: How about we show them better maps?Photo by: Leo Hidalgo

I’ve been talking to Brian Brady on Facebook about an epiphany I had last week:

I want to talk to eight-year-olds.

Wait! Don’t call the Kiddie Kops just yet. I don’t have creepy designs on children. I just want to take over their minds.

No. Really. Wait. There’s more. A lot more.

Stipulate that everything I say is true: Civil society is breaking because rational egoism is broken because fatherhood has been eviscerated from modern families. Quibble me no quarrels and take it as given that what got us here was Hoplite fatherhood – father-led families – and civil order is collapsing in a chaos cascade because fathers no longer lead their families to ever-better destinies.

That much is curable, surely. It’s what I’ve been talking about for two years, deploying the story arc of the benedy – in which the action of the story moves from worse to better – to help people improve their lives. At Church this week, I sing the praises of the film Chef as an excellent example of an egoistic benedy – an individual becomes a better person, and, in consequence, his whole world comes to be better. I love that story. I could reap it – and sow it – every day.

But: There are complications. Adults don’t like to change. I define adulthood by relationships, when you wake up to the fact that you owe responsibilities to your family, you are not just owed tributes from it. But another definition of adulthood is the young person who has matured to the point that he believes he is beyond thinking, that there is nothing of value left to be learned. Labradors are always puppies, but some dogs just get lazy. That’s the way life runs, and there’s not a lot you can do about it, not by then.

But if you can get to the puppies while they’re still puppies, you just might-could get somewhere…

And that’s my big-duh! epiphany: That I need to be selling the ideal of Hoplite fatherhood to the people who (more…)

Posted in #MyKindOfBenedy, Poetry and fiction | 4 Comments

“Shake it off, shake it off, shake it off!” Cultivating truth in a raucous cacophony of silent lies.

Mostly vampire bait is an incipient vampire, after all. Miraculously dyschristened at the fount of new age wisdom, feeding life to death to become the death that feeds on life. And I walk among the walking dead listening to the words nobody said. But there are times when silence just won’t do, even if words won’t do any good either. And everybody knows: Everybody’s gotta take a side.Photo by: swong95765

A Ramblin’ Gamblin’ Willie story

May 24, 1997

Mostly it’s my job to hear the words that are not said. I crave the nattering chickadee’s chatter, so it must seem, but every little squalid scene that attracts my attention begins in a raucous cacophony of silence, and it’s the pronouncements no one dares to utter that ring so ragingly in my ear. I listen to the pauses, the omissions, the captured breaths that cultivate lies and poison precious truths. I write what does get said, because that’s what there is to write. But it’s what doesn’t get said that matters.

And it’s a job I can get enough of, sometimes. I was sitting in a Taco Bell, waiting out the always-late number seven bus in a space somewhat less depressing than the bus-stop outside. But it wasn’t much less depressing, because the cacophony of silence was too loud even for me.

I was watching an incipient divorce, a very married couple silently not having a fight over lunch. He was eating big and pretending nothing was too terribly wrong. She had nothing, not even a cup of water; she sat there folding herself into thirds, lengthwise along the spine, so as to simulate disappearance. He was eating large and moving large and ignoring her with a large performance of an immense indifference, and her face, at first just pouting, turned a whiter shade of sulk. He was trying to be just anybody, any old body at all, and she was trying with all her might to be nobody. I wanted to slap them both.

Instead, I got up and strode out to the bus-stop. Kinda cool, kinda dry, kinda sunny and the air (more…)

Posted in Poetry and fiction, Willie stories | 1 Comment

How do you “work at” your marriage? How about by making love continuously?

Wanna make love more often? It’s easy. Marry for life and then make love in everything you do.

Photo by: Brian Richardson

Theory is a fine thing, but it don’t get the eggs fertilized. The everyday praxis of “working at” your marriage is actually pretty simple: All you have to do is make love all the time. How cool is that?

I made this video last fall, but I posted it on Sunday as this week’s Church of Splendor homily. Even so, it’s ideal Friday content, so I’m positing it here today. Gents, do you want to plant the seed to plant the seed? Here’s how to get the job done:

Posted in Splendor! | 1 Comment

“Working at” your marriage: What does it mean – and why bother?

Every relationship requires maintenance, most especially the most important relationship in your life.
Photo by: Vladimir Pustovit

David Brodie asked me a great question about last week’s homily, and that provides the springboard for the Church of Splendor this week:

“I’m wondering what it means exactly when you say to ‘work at’ your marriage. This phrase gets tossed around so much, and I don’t even know if I have experience with working at a relationship so I’m quite lost about what it means.”

Cathleen and I had a great time with this question this weekend. We talked about it on Saturday, then had a wonderful evening alone together. I made the video embedded below on Sunday. We watched it together, then had a wonderful evening alone together. The best way of working at your marriage is doing stuff alone together, but talking about how best to work at your marriage can be very rewarding stuff to do alone together just by itself.

We’re coming at this as philosophy, big surprise, but I’ve addressed the practical praxis of working at your marriage at length over the years. Those kinds of ideas are present in everything I do – my marriage is my second highest value, after all – but here are a couple of different ways of thinking about making your marriage stronger:

1. Sex: Making more love more often in your marriage.

2. Devotion: An illustrator’s guide to making your marriage last a lifetime.

I’m not in love with the ‘tips-’n’-tricks’ model of practical advice because it presents too much risk of becoming a cargo cult: If I look like a loving man, my wife will feel loved. But both of those links offer a host of practical illustrations of what a loving marriage looks like when it’s working. The gestures won’t conjure up reality by magic, but the reality will be composed of authentically loving thoughts and deeds.

The sexual revolution has been an unrelenting disaster for all of humanity, but its greatest success can be found here, in the destruction of the second highest value in any adult human being’s life – the committed, (more…)

Posted in Love and marriage, Splendor! | 1 Comment

When Prince Charming is just a sad clown with a schtick, every Swoop Girl is Cinderella-for-a-day.

Popular artists and their puerile prey – could that be you? – love to fantasize about a world with “no-strings-attached,” but that world is not this one. In the real world of real consequences, the mistake you made last night will never, ever end. It will recall itself to your memory – and to your shame – again and again, unbidden, forever. And may heaven help you if you try to “paper over” it with more and more instances of the same dumb mistake!Photo by: Jan Jablunka

As further reflections on the matter we took up this week in church – how modernity has managed to strip love, marriage and even reproduction itself from human sexual expression – some notes rom Man Alive:

 
Back in high school, you knew a young lady I call the Swoop Girl. Someone said that high school is taxpayer-subsidized dating, and that observation was probably hard to dispute back then, as you threaded your way through corridors blocked by kissing, cuddling couples. When a stable couple hit a rough patch – perhaps he wanted to dance horizontally, but she wasn’t ready – the Swoop Girl would swoop in to collect another pelt, seducing the guy, who was only too mindlessly delighted to be seduced. Her motive was not love, nor even sexual gratification. What she wanted to do was inflict pain – on the other girl. In that way, her sex act was essentially homosexual, girl-on-girl, an act of perverse psycho-sexual sadism. Did she move farther left on the number line than anyone involved, much farther left than the nice girl, and farther left, even, than the not-so-nice guy? You bet. But there was nothing of self-adoration in her motives. She hated her life, clearly, and all she wanted was to spread that hatred to other people.

Men can do the same kind of pelt-collecting as the Swoop Girl, with the same sort of homosexual overtones, boasting to each other about the (mostly imaginary) “notches” they put on their belts. The so-called Pick-Up Artists are an even more perverse symptom of this kind of intellectual (more…)

Posted in Splendor! | 1 Comment